Black box testing is one of the most commonly used approaches in web application Vulnerability Assessment and Penetration Testing (VAPT). However, in practice, the definition of black box testing is often misunderstood, inconsistently applied, or overly simplified based on textbook explanations.Traditionally, black box testing is defined as a testing methodology where no internal knowledge of […]
In modern web applications, JavaScript (JS) is no longer a supporting component—it is the backbone of application logic, client-side security controls, API communication, and user interaction. Despite this, JavaScript file analysis remains one of the most underutilized yet high-yield techniques in Vulnerability Assessment and Penetration Testing (VAPT).This blog explores why JS file analysis is critical, […]
In any vulnerability assessment, penetration test, or red-team engagement, technology stack enumeration is one of the earliest and most critical activities. Before a single exploit is attempted, before payloads are fired or scanners are unleashed, a skilled security professional first answers a fundamental question:“What exactly is this application built on?”Understanding the underlying technology stack is […]
When we talk about Vulnerability Assessment and Penetration Testing (VAPT), the first things that come to mind are using tools like Burp Suite, ZAP, Nmap, Nuclei, SQLMap, etc to perform VA, False Positive Removal and Manual Penetration Testing. However, one unsung hero that makes many of these tools powerful and helps penetration testers in manual […]